Q. Mr. President, you declared states of emergencies in Adamawa, Yobe and Maiduguri. The tension eased for sometime but there has been series of attacks again in the last three weeks.
A. That is one of the reasons we had to meet. I agree with you that after the state of emergency, it calm down a little but now issues are coming up again. So we need to be focused. We need to do things differently. And I have asked the relevant actors to do what is right. I cannot say more than that. Security issues are not issues you over advertise. But we will be working harder.
Q. About one and half week ago in Gudu district, Abuja, 10 Nigerians were killed and there are various stories on what exactly happened. I am sure you have the information. Can you tell Nigerians what exactly happened?
A. I have been briefed about that. People have made confessional statements. When there are confrontation between security operatives and criminals in places where people live, one or two people who may not be criminals may be affected. Some innocent persons may have been affected in the exchange of fire but definitely Boko haram elements were involved. Terrorists have all kind of linkages. The feeling was that in September they were going to bomb many cities across the world to commemorate 9/11, and it has happened in other parts of the world. What happened in Nairobi is even being linked to that. People attempted to also bomb Abuja within September and some of the people that were arrested confessed. In fact they were leading the security operatives to where they suspected that arms were kept only for people to open fire on them. Of course, they had to return fire. Some people died in the process. I cannot say clearly that all the people who died are Boko haram but definitely there were Boko haram elements who had a confrontation with the security people.
Q. You once said that Boko Haram elements have permeated your government. Do you still stand by that?
A. Yes I said that. But if you follow the recent trends you should know that recently something happened in Nasarawa State where a police officer sold information to a criminal gang. There are also cases where some soldiers have been court-martialed for leaking information. In Borno State, a Senator is being prosecuted. A judge from Kano state had to be retired. These are all government functionaries. When I said that, it was not as if the whole government is infiltrated by Boko haram. But there are examples in the judiciary, in the National Assembly and in the security services.
Q. Mr. President, where does your government stand in revamping the power sector?
A. We are not talking about 4000 megawatts or 5000 megawatts, definitely not. I can tell you that starting from the week we are entering now to the first quarter of next year most of the NIPP generating companies will be ready for commissioning. I will be commissioning them and you will be listening to the speeches I make. You can aggregate all. But we are not too keen about telling Nigerian about megawatts. Nigerians don’t want to hear about megawatts. Megawatts are not the issue because if you generate and you don't have the capacity to evacuate, then you have done nothing. Our transmission infrastructure has been quite weak. As at the time we were talking about megawatts, we couldn't have transmitted more than 5500 mega watts but we are now working on the whole chain. With the privatization of the gencos and discos, and using Manitoba to manage our transmission infrastructure, we will be able to provide adequate power for Nigerians. How many hours do the people living in Lagos have power? How many hours do people living in Abuja, Port Harcourt, Kano, Maiduguri, Yobe and so on have power? That is our interest. It is not to declare I am generating 5000 megawatts. If you are generating 15000 megawatts and the people don't see the power, what have you achieved?
Q. Mr. President, Government seems to be concentrating only thermal and hydro-power. Why are we not exploring wind and solar energy in this country?
A. Yes in every country you would want to use green energy, wind energy, solar energy. We are using solar energy a lot. If you travel, you will see a lot of solar-powered street lights but the solar technology is still limited. That is why all over the world people are still using thermal, gas and sometimes coal. We are also going into the use of coal. Hydro is a renewable source of energy. In fact Hydro is the ultimate. Countries that have enough hydro-power are blessed. It is costly to build the dam but once you finished building the dam, maintaining the turbines costs much less and rain falls every year so water must constantly enter your dam and drive your turbines. But we don't have enough hydro-power. The use of solar technology is improving every day. I remember when I was a deputy governor in Bayelsa state. When we installed our solar lights; in the evening, it's so bright, but by 5 am when you come out they are gone because the batteries couldn't store enough power to carry those street lights the whole night. So by 4 am, 5 am when you go out everywhere is in darkness but the technology has improved significantly.
Q. The trend all over the world is reducing the cost of running government but in Nigeria we have a kind of duplicity in appointments. We have a minister, a minister has special adviser, and the special adviser has a special assistant and so on and so forth. What are you doing about this because it is part of the problem?
A. When you talk about the cost of running government, we are doing very well in terms of that. Recently we did a review of government parastatals. We wanted to shrink them more than we did but after the review, we still allowed some to stay. Sometimes people complain so much about political appointees as if that is the greatest problem we have in running the government. But when you aggregate the total salaries of political appointees, it is not as much as people seem to believe. Even if you want to run government as a modern business, there must be a proper balance. If for example you are a minister, for you to function efficiently, you must have people that are competent to help you. For you to function effectively as a President, you need a number of people that will do a lot of jobs. That is why I always say that if you build strong institutions, even if the president is sick for one month, you will not even know. The system runs because every aspect of government is manned by an officer of government that will do his work. So it is not SSAs and SAs that are our problem in this country. Definitely not.
Q. But you set up the Steve Orosanye committee?
A. But that has to do with the parastatals. Not aides of the President or aides of the Vice President or aides of ministers or aides of governors. But parastatals have a lot of overheads and of course capital expenditures. So if there are parastatals that are doing similar things, we felt that they can be merged to save costs. But the people in labour were a bit apprehensive. We don't have a social security system where people get minimum pay. In fact, I even asked the minister of planning to take an inventory of how many unemployed people or extremely under-employed people we actually have. While we continue to pursue efforts to create more jobs, I wanted to find out whether it will be possible to for us to pay any little amount to those who remain unemployed and how we can go about that. They are still working on it and the report is not yet ready. You must see the figures before you can make any kind of commitment as a President otherwise you will go and put yourself into the ASUU strike situation and they will say that the President agreed to do this and he has refused to do it.
Q. Mr. President in spite of the fact that President Obama actually praised our business terrain, the real problem the international community has against us is corruption. They say it is business as usual here and some critics at home say that there is not much to suggest that you are winning the war against corruption. Are you really winning this war?
A. When you talk about corruption, perception is often different from reality. It is said that if you say the wrong thing a thousand times it becomes truth. So, if every journalist who wants to talk says that the problem of Nigeria is corruption, if every member of civil society who wants to say something says the problem of Nigeria is corruption, if all our clergy, whether Christian or Muslim, who want to talk, either at a wedding ceremony or burials, talks about corruption, the feeling is that corruption is our number one problem. There was a time we invited civil society people and asked them to list in order of importance the factors that, in their opinion, were hindering Nigeria’s progress. Corruption was not number one, not even number two on any of their lists. The Coordinating Minister of the Economy and Minister of Finance also told me about a study by the World Bank in which they asked people about the challenges of doing business in Nigeria and corruption ranked third.
Q. What were the first and second, Mr. President?
A. When you leave here, ask the finance minister. I know one of the key things was access to finance. I think access to infrastructure is also there, especially power and so on. I am not saying that corruption is not there. Don't misquote me. I am not saying we don't have issues of corruption but that is not our number one problem. Sometimes people take common stealing as corruption. A thief is a thief. When you steal money you are a thief. But what we are doing is to make sure that you don't expose public money for anybody to steal. We have done that in agric sector. The issue of fertilizer procurement was an area in which billions of Naira was wasted every year. The fertilizer was not getting to the farmers. Even the one that got to the farmers used to be adulterated with sand. I have stopped that by using the electronics wallet. We started in the petroleum sector also, although, later, the National Assembly took it on and held all kinds of probes. But even before the National Assembly started its probes, we were already working on corruption in the sector. In fact, deregulation was to completely get us out of that situation but people resisted it. That is why I am amazed when some people say those who are involved in petroleum subsidy scam were those who funded Jonathan’s election. If they funded my elections and I want them to fund my election again will I want to remove subsidy? No. I will continue with it so that they continue to fund my election or whoever I want to support. So what I am saying is that we are more interested in making sure that there is no free money for anybody to steal. I am not a lawyer but what I was told is that it is better for ten criminals to get away than for one innocent man to be punished. So if you go to court, they say you have to prove something beyond reasonable doubt. And if you have a smart lawyer, you can steal billions, hire the best lawyer and get away with it. So I called a meeting. I said, look everybody talks about corruption in Nigeria, the courts must help because matters are going to court and until people are convicted, people will continue to steal. If you steal one billion Naira and you can use N100 million to get yourself out of trouble, you will continue to do it. I set up a committee where myself, the Vice President, heads of the agencies that handle corruption issues, ICPC, EFCC, then the senate president, the speaker, the chief justice of the federation, president of the appeal court and one chief judge from each of the six geo-political zones have been meeting regularly to see how the judiciary, the legislature and the executive can come together to tackle corruption more aggressively.
Q. There is this perception that those who can steal big and have enough money to hire SANs, can get away with it. Is that not a major problem?
A. That is why I initiated that meeting because as a President you cannot gag the judiciary. If you do that the country will be in danger. You must allow the judiciary to be independent. The constitution makes it very clear. There are some countries where there is a lot of presidential influence on the judiciary but when you do that, yes it will help you in solving some problems like we are talking about corruption now, but it could backfire in other areas. So I will not advocate that the President should control the judiciary. But the meeting is to make sure that they, on their own, begin to see the best way to do it. A number of judges are being disciplined but nobody talks about that. In Nigeria you hardly heard about a judge being sanctioned. It used to happen once in a blue moon but now it is more regular. I believe that if they continue the way they are going, some of the so called big people who have stolen big money will pay for it.
Q. Noah Olutunde says, agreed that Boko Haram has international scope. How about Ombatse cult in Nasarawa and the Jos crises? A.The only thing is that the issues have different dimensions. The issue of Boko Haram became most worrisome because of the terrorist tactics they are using. If you take the Plateau crises, it is more of ethnic rivalry. Ownership of land. Who owns land there? Who controls the kingdom? Is it the Berom people or the group they call settlers? These are the issues. So you can deal with them. You can have some reasonable control. Whether they call somebody a settler or not, they are living there. When there is crises, you know those who are involved. But that of Boko Haram is different. What happened in Nasarawa State is quite worrisome. I always say whether somebody is a criminal, whether he is Boko Haram or he is a cult member, he is a Nigerian. My duty as President is to make sure that these people change and live a decent life. For anybody that dies, whether he is a Boko Haram person, whether he is a cult member or whatever, I feel pained because it is a Nigerian that died.